Creator: Offices of Board of Trustees and President

Subjects: Administration, Board of Trustees, BOT Minute Books

Date: 1896

Format: Text/pdf

Original Format: Paper, microfilm

Resource Identifier: MINUTES 1896.pdf

Collection Number: UA 1

Language: English

Rights Management: Educational use only, no other permissions given. Copyright to this resource is held by Michigan State University and is provided here for educational purposes only. It may not be reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the University Archives & Historical Collections, Michigan State University.

Contributing Institution: Offices of Board of Trustees and President; University Archives & Historical Collections; MATRIX

Contributor: Offices of Board of Trustees and President

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Transcript: Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes – 1896

[Begin page 124]

State Board of Agriculture Meeting. Jan. 2 / 1896.

The Board met at Governor's rooms in Capitol, Thursday,
Jan 2

[Minutes approved]
All members present. Minutes of meeting of Nov 11
read and approved. Minutes of last meeting read and approved.

A recess was taken to Friday morning at 9 A M.,
Jan 3 at the College.

Met at 9.00 A.M. Friday.

[Military]
It was resolved that the Secretary be instructed to
ask the U.S. War Department to extend the detail of
Lieut Lewis to Aug 8 and also to request the detail of
Lieut H.H. Bandholtz Co, C. 8th Infantry, to succeed Lieut.
Lewis as military instructor.

[Horticulture
ML Dean asst at
50000]
It was resolved that M.L. Dean be appointed Asst.
in Exp. Station. Hort. Department, in place of U.P. Hedrick
resigned, at a salary of $50000 per year, to begin when
he reports for duty. It being understood that the Salary is to be increased
at the end of each year $100.00 until it reaches $80000 per year.

[End page 124]

[Begin page 125]

[Committee to make
apportionment for
next 6 mo]
It was resolved that the Finance Committee and
Secretary be instructed to make apportionment of funds
for use of departments for next six months.

[Dr Beal allowed
expense]
Dr. Beal was allowed expenses attending winter meeting
of State Horticultural Society at Adrian, to be paid
from institute fund.


[Thorn Smith asst
in Chem dept @ 30000]
Thorn Smith was appointed Assistant in Chemical
$30000
Department. Exp. Station, at a salary ^ per annum.

[Chas Johnson, asst
at Green house]
Mr. Chas. Johnson was appointed assistant at Green
House at $3000 per month to Mar 1, and $3500 after that
date.

[Report from Prof.
Hort]
The following report from the Prof. of Horticulture
was received: Pres. C.J. Monroe.
Dear Sir: At a meeting of the
Board of Agriculture last spring I was requested to
present a plan for the ornamentation of the school
grounds in Michigan, by the cooperation of the college
and the teachers and pupils of the public schools.

The success of a similar undertaking by the State
Horticultural Society in 1881 would indicate that much
good can be done along this line. Not only can we
hope to improve the appearance of the grounds which
are for the most part notoriously bare and unsightly,
but it will aid in the cultivation of a love for the beautiful
and will tend to give the children a knowledge of the
methods of planting and caring for trees, shrubs, and plants.

I would suggest that an endeavor be made to
interest the patrons and teachers of the schools in the
matter by means of short articles and circulars sent to
the newspapers of the state, which they would be urged
to present to their readers; these could also be issued as
a bulletin, together with suggestions as to the grading
making and caring for a lawn, the planting of trees and
shrubs, and the making, planting and caring for flower beds.

In this could be included an offer to send a collection
of flower seeds to any school of which the teacher would

[End pge 125]

[Begin page 126]

agree to plant and care for them and report the results
at the end of the season. We might also promise to
send shrubs and vines in 1897 to the schools that have by
the improvements in the school ground and the care given to
the flower shown a satisfactory interest

With this step in mind we have saved seeds of such
of the common flowers as seemed desirable for this purpose,
but many of the kinds that it will be desirable to
distribute did not fruit freely. We have also a considerable
number of small shrubs that have been given by the
students, and have a large number of cuttings made
for starting next year.

In addition to the seeds we have on hand, it will
perhaps
be necessary to purchase ^ fifty dollars worth, the amount
depending upon the interest that is taken in the matter
and whether any limit is placed upon the number of the
collections that is sent to any county.

The seeds could be sent in bulk in such quantities
as the number of applications would warrant, and put
up in small packages here at the college. Estimates
could be secured from several seed firms upon seed of
guaranteed quality and of a vitality equal to a sample
to be submitted for test.

I have been assured of the cooperation of the
Department of Public Instruction, and of the Michigan
School Moderator which goes into the hands of one-half
of the teachers of the state.
Respectfully submitted
L.R. Taft. Prof. of Horticulture

Prof Taft was authorized to procure seeds and plants
for school grounds as per plan presented. and he was
authorized to expend not to exceed $5000 for that purpose.

[Weather Service]
Lieut Schneider of the Michigan Weather Service pre-
sented a report of the work for the year 1895, which
was accepted.

[Weather service
estimate for the
year 1896]
The following estimate of expenditures for the

[End page 126]

[Begin page 127]

year 1896 for the weather service from special
appropriation received from the superintendent of weather
service was approved and adopted. Telephone $2000, Stenog-
rapher $30000 Assistant $12000, Instruments and Repairs
$30000 General expenses, travel, $26000 Total $100000

[Report of
Special Committee]
[Proposition of
TT Lyon]
Mr. Monroe of the special committee reported prop-
osition of Mr. T.T Lyon of South Haven, for rent of
ten acres of land owned by him for use of South
Haven Sub. Station, as follows: I propose to continue
the agreement on the same terms as for the past
five years, except as follows.
A foreman to be allowed me at an increased price
(say $4000 per mo.) as during the past season.
I am to be allowed $1500 per annum for the
use and wear and tear of tools and implements which I
am to supply as needed.
The present buildings have been put upon the
place entirely at my expense and I have also expended
nearly or quite $150000 in tile draining the ten acres
belonging to me; in addition to which I have expend-
ed $118.50 for a strip of land 26 links wide along the
south side of the state five acres, upon which by error
in locating the boundry, an entire row of trees together with
the boundry wire fence had been planted. Under such
misapprehension the building occupied as office and res-
idence is found to have been placed about six or seven
feet over the north line of the five acres deeded to
the State Board of Agriculture. In view of all the cir-
cumstances, since the conditions are such that both office,
barn and tool-house must be moved, I ask that such
arrangement be entered into as shall insure to me and
my successors the permanent ownership and occupancy
of the building in question.
It is understood that I am acting also as special
agent of the National Dept. of Agriculture, and that
this, if continued, will not be objected to by the
State Board of Agriculture.

The proposition ws accepted, and Mr. Monroe was
authorized as acting president of the college to obtain
lease on the terms named.

[End page 127]

[Begin page 128]

[College Paper]
It was resolved that a weekly paper be published
by the college under direction of the special faculty com-
mittee, consisting of Dr. Edwards, Prof Smith, and Prof F.S.
Kedzie, the first number to be issued as soon as
convenient; the committee also to report plan for per-
manent publication to the Board at next meeting.

Adjourned to meet at Moreton House, Grand Rapids,
Monday evening Feb. 10 at 7.30 P.M.



Special Meeting of the State Board of Agriculture

Board meeting January 30, 1896. at call of President.
Met at College at 7.30 P.M.

All members present except the Governor.

[Minutes approved]
Minutes of last meeting read and approved
President Monroe reported regarding certain matters of
College business.

[Assignment of
rooms]
Mr. Garfield and Secretary were appointed a special com-
mittee to report on the assignment of rooms for
employees; the employment of janitors and on a general
system regarding the room to be furnished employees.

Adjourned to Friday at 8.30 A.M.

Board met at 9.30 A.M.

Same members present.

After informal discussion adjourned to 1 o'clock P.M.

Met at 1 o'clock P.M.

[Thorn Smith
Salary 50000]
It was resolved that the salary of Thorn Smith be
$50000 per year from January 1 1896.
Adjourned.

[End page 128]

[Begin page 129]

Board Meeting Feb 10, 1896

Met at Moreton House, Grand Rapids, Monday evening,
Feb. 10, at 8.00 PM. All members present.

[Minutes approved]
Minutes of last meeting read and approved.

[Trees]
A communication from the Farm Department relating
to planting of trees on west line of farm was referred to
committee on Botany and Horticulture.

Adjourned to 10 A.M. Tuesday.

Tuesday, Board met at 10.00 A.M. Feb 11, 1896.

It was resolved that a ballot for President be
taken at 1.30 P.M.

A recess was taken to 1.30 P.M.

[JL Snyder
elected President
at salary of 3200.00]
1.30 P.M. Board met. An informal ballot was taken
for president of college. Result, J.L. Snyder had six
votes and F.W. Arbury had one vote. J.L. Snyder of Allegheny,
Pa. was declared elected president of the college at $3200.00
per annum and house, salary to begin when he takes
charge.

[College Lands
Relating to the
payment on
lands]
It was resolved: that for all Agricultural College lands
hereafter sold at least one-fourth of the purchase money
shall be paid at the time of sale, and that all lands
which are valuable for their timber the whole amount of
purchase money shall be paid before any timber is cut.
That lands that are not valuable chiefly for their
timber, one-fourth of the purchase money shall be paid
at the time of sale, and when the purchaser shall be
an actual occupant of the land, the remainder of the
purchase money may be paid at the option of the
purchaser if the interest is paid annually.

That the Commissioner of the State and Land Office be
requested to insert this order in each certificate of purchase

[Next meeting
Feby 20, 1896]
It was resolved that the next meeting of the Board

[End page 129]

[Begin page 130]

be held at the College, Thursday, evening Feb. 20th
at 7.30 P.M

And that the report of the special faculty committee
be made a special order for Friday morning at 8.30 o'clock

Adjourned.




Meeting of State Board of Agriculture Feb 20 / 1896.

Board met at the college at 7.30 P.M. Present, Pres.
Wells, Messrs. Garfield, Monroe, Snyder, Secretary.

[Minutes approved]
Minutes of last meeting read and approved.

[Relating
to discipline]
The following resolutions adopted by the faculty were
presented to the Board:
1. That the Faculty recommend to the Board the appoint-
ment of an executive committee, that with the president,
shall be empowered to handle and dispose of all cases of
discipline, except that at their discretion, said committee
shall have power to refer cases to the adjudication of
the whole Faculty
[Physical Exercises]
2. That we recommend to the Board that physical exercises
for students be continued next term on the same basis as
last term.
[Military]
3. That the Board of Agriculture be requested to authorize
the compilation of the military record of the graduates and old
students of. M.A.C. for publication in some future edition
of the Alumni catalogue.
In regard to the first item, the following resolution
was adopted:
[Relative to
discipline]
In the matter of the selection of an executive com-
mittee from the Faculty to act with the President in
matters of college discipline, the Board of Agriculture takes the
position that under the law all matters of discipline primarily
is left with the Faculty and they may choose such executive
committee without intervention or authorization by this Board.


[Physical Exercises]
It was resolved that Lieut Lewis is hereby authorized

[End page 130]

[Begin page 131]

to continue during the spring term, in his discretion,
a course in physical culture as a feature of the
work of his department, provided that no extra expense
shall be incurred for instruction.

[Compilation of
Military Record]
It was resolved : , that F.S. Kedzie be requested to
make a compilation of the military record of the graduates
and old students of. M.A.C for publication in some
future edition of the Alumni Catalogue

[Closets]
The Secretary was authorized to build closets
at Wells and Williams Hall in his discretion.
[Janitor]
Janitor work was placed in the hands of the Secretary to adjust in his discretion.
[Trees]
The Farm Department was authorized to plant
trees on the entire west line of farm, and also on the
land east of highway as per plan of Farm and
Botanical Departments at an expense for trees of $21000

[Good roads
Convention]
The Secretary, Prof. Vedder, and Dr. Beal were elected
delegates to the Good Roads convention at Lansing, Mar. 3.

[Delegate to
Watertown Wis]
Mr Garfield was elected delegate to the National
Organization of Institute Workers at Watertown, Wisconsin,
Mar 10.

[Recess]
A recess was taken to 8.30 Friday.

Friday, 8.30 A.M.

Same members present.

[Relative to
College Paper]
Special committee in charge of the college paper
reported the following plan: Your committee called a
meeting of the Faculty to advise regarding a plan for
publication of the college paper, at which the following
action was taken, and which we recommend as a plan
for publication:
1st. That the paper be called the M.A.C. Record.
2nd That the President of the College be ex-officio
chairman of the committee on publication of the M.A.
C. Record.
That a committee of three, chosen from the Faculty
and the Experiment Station workers by the Board, with

[End page 131]

[Begin page 132]

the President of the College as chairman ex-officio,
constitute the committee of publication.

That the students be invited to coooperate in the
publication of the Record, according to a plan subsequently
to be formulated.

That Prof. Frank S. Kedzie, Prof. C.L. Weil, Prof. L.R.
Taft, be the committee on the part of the Faculty. The
recommendations were approved and the committee as
named was made the committee of publication with
final authority in control of the paper.

[Report of
Special committee
to investigate
the college]
The special committee, consisting of Dr H. Edwards, Prof.
Clinton D. Smith, and Prof. Frank Kedzie, appointed Sept 10
1895, for the purpose of considering the present condition
and future policy of the College, and to make recommen-
dations concerning the same, reported as follows:
The following recommendations contained in the report
were considered.
1. No action taken
2. Relating to changes in the agricultural course;
laid over to next meeting.
3. Relating to six special courses; it was resolved
that they be established as soon as practicable.
4. Changing vacation from winter to summer was
put over to next meeting.
5. Securing more intimate relations with district
schools: this recommendation was adopted.
6. Course for ladies: it was resolved that this be
established as soon as the finances of the college will
allow.
7. Short preparatory course; it was resolved that this
be provided for.
8.a. That the matriculation fee be reduced. No action
taken.
b. That the experiment be tried of organizing a boarding
hall under private management at which the price of
board shall not be over $200 per week. Adopted, and the
details left with the special committee and the Secretary.
c. Regarding text boks to be supplied through the
college. Adopted and left with the President of the college
and a committee of the faculty to be appointed by the

[End page 132]

[Begin page 133]

President with power to act.
d. Regarding discouraging expensive entertainments
and society expenses. approved.
9. Regarding the abolition of the dormitory system. Approved
as the sense of the Board, as an object to be accomplished
as soon as practicable.
10. Advertising. It was resolved that the President of
the college, the Secretary, and Dr Edwards be a committee
to consider the matter of properly advertising the college
and report to the Board.

Adjourned to meet at call of President and Secretary

Report of Committee
appointed to
Investigate attendance at the Agricultural College.
made
To the Board of Agriculture of the State of Michigan
February 21, 1896
[Full report of
Committee]
To the Honorable Board of Agriculture
Gentleman – Your committee of three members of the faculty of the Michigan Agricultural
College, Appointed Sept. 10. 1895. To "inquire into The causes which have contributed to the
Seeming lack of popularity of our college with the class of people in whose special interest it was organized by the State ....... and to report its finding to this board together with its
recommendation as to any change of policy or method by means of which the College may
be enabled to get in closer touch with the farmers of the State and secure the attendance of
their sons and daughters at our institution, and consummate the object sought by the State
and general government in founding and endowing the institution" beg leave to make the
following report: The inquiry has been prosecuted under many difficulties; foremost
among which were the lack of leisure on the part of the committee until the close of the term,
and thereafter an abnormal condition of public mind, rendering impossible any access to
more settled opinions and their bases, notwithstanding, the committee believes that it has in
some degree performed its task and has arrived at weighty and important conclusions. The
investigation has been conducted along the following lines and the original data are acces-
sible to you under the various references in the body of the report: First – Letters to
prominent persons. Second – Newspaper articles since the organization of the College. Third
Interview with prominent men, Fourth Opinions from recent students. Fifth Reports
from various bodies, notably the State Grange and a section of the Alumni. Sixth Opinions
of members of the faculty. Seventh Statistics relating to this College. Eighth Facts
concerning other similar colleges. Ninth Facts concerning colleges different in
scope. Tenth Some study of conditions in other countries. Statistics of attendance
at the College show an apparent increase in total attendance since 1887 (See table A.)
But an analysis of the figures shows that this increase is due to three causes that prohibit
us from reckoning it as coming from the farm or as proceeding from an increased interest in
thorough agricultural education. In order to make a comparison that shall be indicative
of increase or decrease of interest in agricultural education it is necessary to make the
comparison under similar conditions and to exclude increment arising from the
introduction of new sources of attraction. Previous to 1886 there were only three classes of
students at the college, namely agricultural students, special students, and a few ladies
resident at the college. At that time appears the first class of mechanical Students, This
class has grown from 36 in 1886 to 127 in 1894 and a slightly smaller number
(117) in 1895. The attendance of ladies has materially grown though not steadily.
In 1889-90 the summer school idea for teachers of science in the public schools
was originated, and this has caused a growth in the special student class (not inclu-
ding regular graduate students or students merely irregular in classification) from
28 in 1887 to 55 in 1895. In 1894 the special winter dairy course was organized, and
numbered in 1894 – 17 and in 1895 , 30 If we deduct from each year's total atten-
dance the dairy students, the laidies, the mechanical students, and the special
(teacher) students, we get the agricultural students of each year. The figures show in-
crease from '75 to '81; decrease from that time to '85: a large and sudden increase
from '85 to '88: then a falling off to '91; and a practically stationary condition from '91
to '95. The highest number of agricultural students was reached in 1888, namely 226.
As, however, few specials are given that year, there is probably some mistake in the fig-
ures and it is safer to take, as the highest, the figures of the previous year, 221. The
lowest subsequent number is in 1894, 161. and June 1891 to 1895 the range of differ-
ence is only 15, with a final number of 167. From these data, we gather that, with
temporary gain from '79 to '82 and from '86 to '90 the interest in thorough agricul-
tural education at the at the college has practically remained stationary since 1876.
Table B shows the percentage of students from the farms from 1883 to 1894. This table
shows large variations from year to year: but if we average the percentages for periods of
three years, we get a falling off from 55.6% In the first period to 39.8% in the third
with a stationary percentage for the last six years. This decrease of percentage corresponds
very closely with the rise in importance of the mechanical course: and it is to be -

[End page 133]

[Begin page 134]

supposed that this attraction would draw largely from the cities, the decrease in ratio is
probably due to increase of attendance from the cities, rather than decrease of attendance from the country. Moreover the actual decline of ratio between rural and urban population from 61%
in 1884 to 55% in 1894 would offset any further relative decrease in ratio of attendance.
So far then as absolute attendance from farms is an indication of interest in the present work
of the college, after a consideration of all data, we may safely assume that it has remained
stationary during the last twenty years. So far as this goes we congratulate ourselves: but even
with the stationery rural population it would seem that if agricultural education only ten or
twelve years old in this state in 1875 – for the war period is practically a blank – is a
pressing need in farming, it should, with so large a mass to learn, have multiplied the
attendance at the college many times over. In comparison, too, with the average growth
of attendance at other colleges, our agricultural course makes a bad showing. Chart C
shows by lines the attendance for the same period at the U. of M the Normal, Albion,
Olivet, the M.A.C. and the agricultural course of the M.A.C The upward trend of all
the lines, except the one last mentioned, brings out very strikingly the phenomenal in-
crease in all the schools as contrasted with the stationry attendance on our agricultural
course. One other comparatrive table is given to show the range of the facts we are
handling. Table D shows the actual attendance on the agricultural courses of
a number of the agricultural colleges in other states. They are these from which your
could get reliable data. Many of the colleges give a variety of courses more or less
general in nature, and summaries of attendance on these courses are the only statistics
[accesseable?]. By study of this table and the accompanying correspondence it will
be found that in only one college does the attendance of male students on a distinctly
agricultural course exceed our own: and in most cases it is much below ours, The
importnat conclusion from these facts is that no causes purely local in their range of effect
will account for the facts existing elsewhere as well as here, and we may [alo confort?]
ourselves somewhat with the other apparent truth that nowhere have the antagonistic
forces, whatever they may be, been more successfully met than in our school.
To sum up the present condition of interest in agricultural education, we would say:
(1) (first) that judging by actual attendance at the college, interest among the farmers
seems for the last twenty years to have remained stationary; (second) that this stationary
condition of interests exists over a wide area of American territory; (third) that some
study of foreign schools indicates that this condition is by no means unknown
in Europe, In order to reach the causes of this stationary interest, the history of
public opinion on the college has been examined, Newspaper sentiment would
indicate in the beginning exaggerated expectations from the college both as to
amount of money required and as to practical results. The college was to turn
out yearly at least two hundred graduates at an annual cost of not to exceed
fifteen thousand dollars. The education was to cost the student but his labor,
and the farm produce was to support the boarding department. Besides all
this the graduate of the school was to be an ideal farmer or horticulturist
from the start; was to accomplish far better practical results than the actual
farmer of fifty years standing; was to inaugurate a millinnial era in farming
in which independance and a competency were to be the invariable reward
of the farmer's work. Those expectations were very soon found to be fallacious.
Famers are naturally conservative and cautious and they held off to see how the
experiment would turn out. It was found that industrial education is more
costly than any other form, the equipment required being much larger and
the teaching force more numerous. Moreover the graduates of the college were not
Successfull over and beyond the best farming of the day. It was an unfair criterion
to apply, but public opinion inexorably applied it. The college men had the theo-
retical instruction and something of the practice, but they lacked the judgment
trained by long years of success and failure under specific local conditions. Hence
when a college man made only a fair success, the public said: " He cannot
farm any better than neighbor so and so" (naming a man perhaps of remarkable natural
shrewdness and judgment.), " who never saw a college! Hence an agricultural edu-
cation is useless." This original disappointment and consequent distrust still survives
and is kept alive by the continued disagreement in theory and policy among those
who guide the destinies of our agricultural colleges. There are those who contend
that the land grants were intended to aid in establishing colleges where a general
scientific education under farm auspices, so to speak, might be obtained ; on
the other extreme are those who think that the science-training should be of the
crudest sort, and the main part of the instruction should be in empirical methods
of tillage and manual training in the ordinary farm operations. There is one
class of men who would make all the teaching in all agricultural college
technical, there is another who, with the smallest possible concession to the
name agricultural in the way of technical instruction, would build a literary
college on an agricultural foundation. Between these extremes are all grades
and shades of opinion; until the name agricultural college has, in the minds
of the people, no definite meaning, and agricultural education has been pronoun-
ced by many a sham and a fraud. Much of the committee s information
concerning public feeling toward the college has been gathered from oral dis-
course with men and women during the institutes, and the circular letters
sent out have not brought in as many replies as we expected. Moreover, it was
found useless to send out letters of inquiry during the vacation. But such as
were received were tabulated and constitute exhibit. F. These and the talks
with the men above spoken of warrent us in assigning as other causes of the station-
ary condition of interest in the college: (1) a distrust of the technical features of
the college course. You are not turning out practical farmers; you are not teach-
ing farmer's sons how to make a business success of farming' – such is the almost
uniform opinion expressed in farmers clubs." (R.C.B.) Farmers feel taht you
are soaring above them" (FJR) An indefinate amount of testimony of this
kind might be added. (2) An alleged tendency of education at the college
to divert young men from the farm. This opinion has been expressed again
and again, and has appeared so often in the newspapers that quotations are
not needed. The opinion operates injuriously whether the fact exists or not, but we

[End page 134]

[Begin page 135]

have examined into the conditions at the college and find the facts to be as given in tables
E. and F. It will be seen that 24% of our living graduates are actually farmers, and 33%
are either farmers or teachers of farming. Put this with the fact that only 11% of our
students on entering desire to be farmers and we have important data for determining
the tendency of education at our college. We conclude therefore that, whatever may be
said the influence of the agricultural college is toward the farm, since it more than
doubles during the four years the number actually inclined toward agriculture
at entrance. (3) The depressed condition of agriculture. [Blunt?] as have been the
factors alredy enumerated, it seems to your committee that the cheif influence in restrain-
ing the farmers of the state from securing for their children the benefits of our college
has been the present depressed condition of agriculture, whenever the question has been
put to the farmer, "Why do you not send your son to the college? " no matter what
other reason is given, one part of the answer is well nigh universal. "Times are too
hard." When, however, it is decided to send a son to college your committee that the
choice of the college is influenced by a lack of faith on the part of the farmer in
his own business. The very existance of this comparitive poverty among among the
farmers after years of hard work perhaps has turned the paternal hopes from
the farm to the city. Your committee has everywhere been met with the remark,
I do not want my son to live on the farm and work as hard as I have done and for
such poor pay. I want him to be a profesional man or merchant and get his
money by his wits. "That this idea is widespread is evidenced by the fact that
whereas in 1880 the rural population (1.096.533) was almost exactly double the
city population, in 1894 the population of the cities is within 80,000 of equaling
that of the rural districts. It is in the face of this kind of economic revolution
that the agricultural college has attempted to hold its own in the last fourteen
years, and the importance of this fact in the history of the state in its relation to
the college cannot well be exaggerated. The ideals held up before the country
boy in books he reads and the pictures of imagination all point to the city as
the forum where he can make for himself a name and the [feild?] where he
can reap the richest harvest. He chooses some profession or occupation other
than farming. It is not to be wondered at, therefore, that this same desire for
an education as a preparation for a professional life creeps into our own –
student body, and it is only by enthusiastic persistence in good scientific
agricultural work that we may hope to stem the tide. At this point it is
well again to recall the fact that while but 11% of the men who come to
this college desire or expect to be farmers when they graduate or afterwards,
the percentage of those connected immediately with the farm life is three
times as great. (5) The College at one side of the educational currents of the state,
District school, high school, university, or Normal School; such is the regular succes-
sions of events in the average college students life. High schools are manned
by University Alumni and they loyally direct to the University, District schools,
again, are controlled by Normal graduates and they use their influence
for the Normal. Thus the College is left without definite feeders, Moreover
as the district schools are at present constituted, there exists a clearly de-
fined gap between our freshman class and the graduate of the district sch-
ool. The cases are very few where a man has come directly, without con-
dition, from the district school to the freshman class of the Agricultural
College. In fact of all the men examined at entrances, only 29% enter with-
out condition. Men either come here and make up back work, or spend
a year or more at the high school of some neighbouring town. Once in the high
school they are generally lost to the Agricultural College. There is absolutely
nothing in these schools to suggest agriculture, and the influence of the teach-
ers is effective for other colleges. (4) Ignorance of the work done at the
College, It is a noteworthy fact that in all parts of the State farmers are
grossly ignorant of the work done at the College and even of its objects
and intents Intelligent famers, not in back districts but in communities
near our larger cities, have displayed to members of the committee [densest?]
ignorance of any and all matters connected with the Agricultural College
Ignorance of the sources of its revenue, [beleif?] that single counties have con-
tributed as high as 10,000, 20,000 or even 30,000 dollars a year to support
the College are shown in more than one instance; ignorance of the emp-
hasis laid on departments of practical work: ignorance of the fact that
we are more than a high school in our scientific appliances and scien-
tific work – all these examples of ignorance and others as equally sur-
prising have been revealed during the institutes this winter, and the most
surprising fact of all is the ubiquity of this ignorance. The reason for this
ignorance lies in our omission to advertise largely. Our expense acco-
unt for 1895 shows an expenditure for advertiseing including the catalogue
publication, of $59000 This year the university will expend merely to ad-
vertise a six weeks summer school course "not to exceed $50000 These
are days when the seller seeks the buyer, and there is no other way way
of disposing of even educational goods. (6) Antagonism of press, Another
clearly indicated cause for stationary attendance on the agricultural course
at the college has been the antagonism of some of the influential papers of the
state. Much of this antagonism is due to the previously noted ignorance of
what the college is and what it is doing. The cases where an editor has
visited the college and become adquainted with the spirit here, and afterwards
attacked the institution are rare indeed. in so far as these hostile attacts
are expressions of opinions merely, those papers are clearly within their rights;
but the college should demand that facts shall be [thruthfully?] presented
and that misstatements be corrected. (7) Too much cash required at
entrance. The necessary burden of expense should be distirbuted as evenly
as possible along during the year. Inevitably, it will heap itself up more or less
at the beginning of the course; but every effort should be made to keep the adva-
nced payment just as low as possible, and entrance from the financial stand-
point, as easy as may be Instead, expenses have accumulated at the beginning of

[End page 135]

[Begin page 136]

the course until including traveling expenses, a man must have a cash capital on starting
for the college of from $7500 to $10000. The lowest actual demand at the college itself
is $5550 (see page 34 of last catalogue) This effectually excludes a large class of men.
In strong contrast with our own policy in this matter stands other colleges in
the state. At Albion, for instance, the advanced payment is $1200 - $500 as a
matriculation fee and an incidental fee per term of $700 Board is paid from
week to week at the rate of from $175 to $250. Furnished room rent, paid weekly, is
from 50 to 75 cents per week. at our college room rent is from 25 to 58¼ cents per
week, and must be paid for the whole term at once. For board a deposit of
$2000 in a lump is required. This may seem a small matter, but it means
much to many a man whose revenues, small perhaps in the aggregate, come at short
intervals. In this connection too, it may be stated that the college has outgrown the
necessity for a $500 matriculation fee or for so serious a tax in the matter of room
rent. The large increase in the revenues of the college during the last few years ought
to make a more pronounced difference in expenses for the student as contrasted
with those of other colleges. While our revenues have been growing, the expense to the
student has remained the same. Our boarding arrangements are open to like
objection. They fail to give board at as low rate as private enterprises gives in
Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti, and Albion. While provisions of all kinds have been
steadily falling in price for the last five years, our board rates have remained
stationary or have slightly advanced. [It is but fair to note that in this matter the
clubs are already reforming themselves. Board in one of the clubs is now rated at
$200 per week. April 6, 1896] With all our advantages student life here should
be much cheaper than it is. In view of the facts given above your committee makes
the following recommendations: I That a clear and authoritative definition of the
character of our agricultural and mechanical courses be given, and that a
continuous campaign of advertising and education among the people be begun
and kept up. We offer the following as such definition: The Michigan Agricultural
College is a school for technical and professional training in farming and eng-
ineering. Its aim is to develop all its pupils into broad-minded men, good
citizens and ideal farmers or mechanical engineers, Its methods are, science app-
lied to all duties and labors, united action of brain and hand and eye until skill
is attained, development of character through "the blessed companionship of wise
thoughts and right feelings" The aim of the college and its courses, as thus defined,
is clear cut; and a strenuous effort should be put forth to bring them to the attention
of every farmer, and indeed every resident of the state. We take pleasure in recog-
nizing the success of the weekly college paper organized at the instance of this
committee, and would its continued support as a step in the right direction in
in carrying out this campaign. II That the earlier years of the course be made
more technical. To make the agricultural course more emphatically agricul-
tural, the sciences on which the practical operations of the farm depend should
be introduced in the course at the earliest possible moment. With them such phases
of actual farm and horticultural work should be taught as do not depend on the
knowledge of the sciences. Stock breeding, dairying, grafting, pruning, and many
field operations are cited as instances of practical work that need not be deferred
to later years in the course of reason of dependence upon scientific knowledge
for their clear understanding. It should not be possible for a student to attend a
year at the college without acquiring some practical knowledge of direct fi-
nancial value to him in application to daily life on the farm. Your committee
would also recomend that an effort be made to coordinate and concentrate all the
scientific and technical instruction in the study and management year by year
of the farm and gardens, with direct reference to the problem of local soil,
climates and market, and the capital and equipments of the average farmer. To
the student the study and comparison of this farm with the farms on which his
work has lain will be of inestimable value. It will be source of training for the
judgment such as nothing else will give, and along lines of immediate prac-
tical utility. III. That special winter courses be organized. In view of the fin-
cial depression, of the further fact that for this reason many farms cannot send
their Sons to the college for the full course; in view of the demand for practical
instruction, along specific lines, and of the acknowledged fact that under present
conditions farmer's sons can best leave the farm in the winter, and indeed, cannot
at all be drawn away in the summer, we recommend that the college offer six
special winter courses of six weeks each. It should be the aim of each of these courses
to train the young men who take it along the one line which is dominant in the
course. Provision is thus made for a class of young farmers who perhaps already have
a farm and a home, and who desire to perfect thenselves in a special line of
farming, for which thenselves and their farms are best adapted. The courses are
special extensions of the college work along these definite lines. They are not expected
to give the student manual drill, nor to develop his mind further than is the
natural result of the amount of study and consecutive thought which he is obliged
to give to the studies in his special course. Whenever during the institutes these
special courses have been mentioned and discussed they have received hearty
approval, "Give us these courses and we will overun you with students." To many
the proposal has offered new hope. The college cannot, of course, change economic con-
ditions, but it may open to dispondent men new and more promising lines of work;
it may give the aid of science to further lesson labor and expense in production.
The gate of opportunity through these special courses is wide open; the cry from
Macedonia is clear and ringing. The remarkable success of our own dairy school
and of the special courses in other colleges warrants us in expecting a very
hearty response of the farmers to these special courses when offered. IV That
the long vacation occur in the summer. Our investigation lead us to beleive that
the same reason which makes it imperative that the special courses should be offered
in the winter time applies with equal force to the young man who would take
the full college course. We have found several instances where young men
would come to the college were the vacation in the summer instead of the winter.
The necessities of the work on their own farms compel them to stay at home during the sumer season.

[End page 136]

[Begin page 137]

They cannot then be spared. Again, the, present arrangement of terms compels our students
to earn their money by some occupation other than farming. Most of them teach; others
serve as clerks in public offices or elsewhere; few of them find oppurtunity to do farm work
in the winter. It strikes us that this a strong argument in favor of releasing the boys from
their college work during the season of the year when work is both more remunerative.
The present arrangement actually force a large share of our students into teaching
and results in a large proportion of them remaining after graduation permanently in that
profession. It is true that the time for teaching a large part of practical agricul-
ture is during the summer season, while the crops on the farm and garden are
growing. On the other hand, all matters relating to feeding and care of livestock
can be better taught in the winter than the summer. The same thing applies
to vegetable forcing and greenhouse work. The benifits to accrue from the
observation consecutively made on growing crops during the summer can
be secured by requiring each agricultural student to remain at the college
during one summer vacation. In the mechanical course we believe it to be
true that the students will have less difficulty in securing remunerative
work along their special lines during the summer season than during the winter.
Once again, the necessity for engaging in work on the farm during the
summer would preserve and heighten in a wonderful degree the sympathy
for farm life and interest in farm occupations. The summer campaign
on the farm would give opportunity for the immidiate application of
principles and practices learned during the school year, and would
bring the young man back stimulated to renewed industry and bristling
with questions to be answered and new problems to be solved. As it is now,
his agriculture ambitions hibernate, while he [drones?] over our commir-
cial arithmetic or traces the intricacies of vertical strokes and loops.
The imperative demand for the special courses spoken of under
a previous head cannot be mistaken. These must be necessarily be
held during the winter. Their successful management without large
additional expense requires their coordination with the work of regular
courses. Any other arrangement would demand a double corps of instructors
and repitition of much of the work during the same year. We find that a
large number of the faculty approves this recomendation. It is true that
the change will work a hardship on several of our students who now
earn the money to support themselves by teaching, but we firmly beleive that
for every such student lost there will be many others coming from the
[farmer's?] who could not attend were no change made. One of the reasons
heretofore given for holding the college year through the summer has been
the necessity of having the boys here that they may be taught farm manip-
ulations. On this point we recommend that the effort be made to induce
the student to acquire the mechanical skill outside the College. While
provision will always be made for training to this essential skill boys who
have no opportunity to acquire it elsewhere, inducements should be held out
to encourage the acquisitions of these necessary features of an agricultural
education away from the college. In view of all these facts we recom-
mend that the college vacation be transferred from the winter to the sum-
mer. The recommendation has the endorsement of the State Grange and
of a meeting of our alumni held during the State Grange meeting. V.
That an effort be made to infuse into the country schools ans interest in
agricultural pursuits. Owing to causes that need not here be discussed, the
kind of education in the schools patronized almost entirely by children from farm
homes, has been away from scientific and agricultural studies and toward
literary and professional life. Until very recently no attempt has been made
to call the attention of the pupil to the most patent features of his environment.
His intensity has not been awakened by anything approaching a scientific stu-
dy of the botany, geology, or any other feature of his home and farm. We
beleive that influences ought to be brought to bear on district schools to incline
them to the adoption of nature studies. The farmers boy should early become
interested in observing natures methods. This can be done only by interesting
the teacher in them. His conversation, his ambitions, his [heroes?], his ideal
career in life becomes those of his pupils. If these lie toward a city life,
toward the legal or medical profession, toward everything and anything
but farm life and pursuits; if he knows more of Latin than of clover, more
of Æ [sculapius?] than of [Liebig?], his pupils will inevitably imbibe his ideals, share
his prediction and come to look upon the home life and work as flat and
commonplace. The college has for some years advertised a summer
school for teachers. If the farmers of the state would realize the paramount
importance of this early influence , and by requiring agricultural training
of the teachers whom they engage, would make it an object for teachers
to take a carefully planned summer course at the college, much
might be done by such a course to improve the condition of [thinking?] in this
direction. With the proper dignity of agriculture early impressed on the
mind, with the attention constantly directed to surrounding phenomena of
plant growth, of insect life, of soil constituency, agriculture would early take
on a new meaning and interest, and the life of the farmer would become
the goal of youthful ambition . VI. That a ladies course be organized, your
committee recomends that a course in domestic economy be offered for ladies
and that provision be made for them at the college. Our experience in the
management of students leads us beleive that the presence of ladies on the campus
will be extremely helpful in elevating the moral tone of the students and in-
creasing their regard for the amenities of polite society. This is the day of coed-
-ucation. It is no longer an experiment but a well recognized and thoroughly
approved feature of modern education. Wherever tried, with even the most
ordinary care and good management, its effects on both sexes have been
from every point of view good. But more than this; the success of the farmer
depends as much on the interest, the knowledge, and skill of his wife as on his own.

[End page 137]

[Begin page 138]

And this interest, knowledge, and skill depend in turn on training. The business of the
agricultural college is to give that training. The dignity and responsibility of the
wife's position has never been fully recognized. What the husband provides
the wife utilizes. Confort, tidiness, and thrift are her contribution to the happiness
of the family; health or disease depend upon her knowledge and skill; the
physical, mental and moral equipment of the child-life is her almost exclu-
sive gift, and for so important a function, so tremendous a responsibility,
she should have every help that science and training can afford. No school in
this State offers such training today. It is not only the duty, it is the great
privelage of the agricultural college to lead in this matter. It is a magnif-
icent opening for further usefulness. The people, too, are uniformly demanding it.
Everywhere the proposal has awakened hearty applause. The Grange and our Alumni
full endorse it. Nowhere and from no source has a single objection
been offered; but more than once has come the statement: "I want my boy
and girl to go off to school together. They shall go to the agricultural college
if they can go together; otherwise to some place where they will not be separated.
Each is a guarantee for the good conduct of the other." For such a course
no great expense in the way of additional teaching will now be necessary.
VII That a short preparatory course of six months be established. We lose
students for want of preperation, as already explained; and we are kept
continually wresteling with our entrance requirements. At the opening of
the year then is a pressure to let down the bars; by the end of the year
we are sorry for it, both for our own sake and for that of the student,
that we were not more exacting. The establishment of such a course would
be merely to openly confess a condition that actually exists
VIII That matriculation fee be reduced to one dollar or entirely abolished. That
the experiment be tried of organizing a boarding hall under private management
with the single requirement that the board shall not be over two dollars per
week, and with board in said hall entirely a matter of choice on the part
of students; that a committee of the faculty shall consider and recomend
some method of handling books; that an earnest, united, and persistant
effort be made to discourage expensive entertainments at the college and to
encourage plain, simple, and inexpensive social and individual life.
IX. That the dormitory system be abolished, We beleive that the best interests
of students from the point of view of morals, of discipline, and of expense,
require the gradual abolition of the dormitory system, and would recommend
that the college work toward that end by encouraging fuller street-car
facilities and private enterprise in the way of board and rooms for
students in close proximity to the college.
X. That we advertise extensively. Our first recommendation included
advertising in a general way. We desire to revert to it specifically, and
to urge a broad and liberal policy in this direction, Whither many
or few of these recommendations are adopted, let us carry the school
to the people, tell them where we are, what our equipment is, and what
we can do for the farmer and the mechanic.
We desire to acknowledge to you our obligations to all those who have
so kindly aided us by fact and suggestions. To members of the faculty,
to alumni, to granges and farmer's clubs, as well as to the large number
of individual correspondents we owe sincere thanks
All of which is hereby respectfully submitted
Howard Edwards
Clinton D. Smith
F.S. Kedzie
committee






Appendix

Table A – Showing total attendance at the MAC
and analyzing that attendance so as to show the dairy stu-
dents, lady students, mechanical students, special stu-
dents, and agricultural students from 1875 to 1895.

year total
attendance Dairy
Class Ladies Mechanics Specials
and
teachers Agricultural
Students
1875 156 0 0 0 16 140
1876 164 0 4 0 13 147
1877 154 0 6 0 11 137
1878 239 0 12 0 22 205
1879 232 0 11 0 38 183
*1881 221 0 7 0 7 207
1882 216 0 7 0 17 192
1883 185 0 5 0 7 173
1884 171 0 5 0 12 154
1885 173 0 8 0 18 147
1886 295 0 11 35 30 219
1887 323 0 17 57 29 220
1888 312 0 19 61 6 226
1889 340 0 18 93 21 208
1890 369 0 28 113 37 191
1891 360 0 35 127 34 164
1892 345 0 28 114 27 176
1893 355 0 25 120 42 168
1894 369 17 23 127 41 161
1895 398 30 29 117 55 167
Totals. 5377 47 298 964 483 3585

* Break of two terms and omissions of numbers for 1880
owing to change of college year

















Table B – showing number and percentages
of students coming to the M.A.C. from farms,
from 1883. to 1894.

year number Per cent.
1883 59 52.2%
1884 69 60.8%
1885 160 46.8 – 55.6
1886 130 49.2
1887 112 35.6
1888 116 51.7 – 45.5
1889 134 47.0
1890 109 35.7
1891 90 36.6 – 39.8
1892 122 40.1
1893 126 34.1
1894 81 45.7 – 39.9

Table D – Present attendance at other Agr-
icultural Colleges.
Colorado – 164 in long course; 300 in short course of 4 weeks
Indiana – 21 in long course 33 in short course
Kansas – 361 in long course, 182 in first year, total 572
Maine – 164 Students in five courses; 10% of graduates
are in agriculture or in vocations akin to it.
Massachusetts – 157 total attendance
Minnesota – 150 in school of agriculture
Missouri – 49 in college course, 148 in short course
Mississippi – 178 in agricultural and mechanical

[End page 138]

[Begin page 139]

New Hampshire – 64 in four courses
Cornell – 22 in agriculture, 289 in mechanic arts
Ohio – 30 in agriculture.
Vermont – 32 in agriculture.

Table E – Showing present occupation of all
graduates of the MA.C. from 1861 – to 1894
Occuptation of Graduates Per cent
Farmers 24
Occupations connected with farming 10
Teachers 14
Lawyers 10
Housekeepers 4
Engineers, bankers, physicians, dead, etc 38



Table showing percentage of farms and of
farmers and men closely connected by
occupation with farming among graduates of
the M.A.C. in periods of five years from
1861 – to – 1895

years Farmers Farmers and men
connected with farming
1861 – 1865 35% 53%
1865 – 1870 44" 54"
1870 – 1875 20 46.8 – 55.6
1875 – 1880 34 47"
1880 – 1885 22 28"
1885 – 1890 17 31"
1890 – 1895 20 30"




































Table G – Showing the number of graduates
by years, the number of graduates now farming, the
number of graduates who are teachers connec-
ted with agriculture, the per cent of those farming
to the total number of graduates, and the
percent of farmers and teachers of agriculture
to the total number of graduates.

Table G

year Graduates. Farmers
1895. Per cent
farmers Teachers
Agriculture Per cent
farmers and
teachers of
Agriculture
to total
1861 7 3 43 1 57
1862 5 2 40 2 80
1864 5 1 20 0 20
1866 2 1 50 0 50
1867 5 4 80 0 80
1868 10 3 30 2 50
1869 10 4 40 1 50
1870 12 5 42 1 50
1871 12 2 16 3 42
1872 5 1 20 0 20
1873 15 4 26 1 33
1874 21 5 24 2 33
1875 15 2 13 0 13
1876 17 9 53 1 59
1877 15 5 33 3 53
1878 30 8 27 4 40
1879 19 6 31 3 47
1880 6 2 33 0 33
1881 33 7 21 1 24
1882 28 7 25 1 29
1883 30 4 13 2 20
1884 30 8 27 1 30
1885 30 8 27 4 40
1886 27 7 26 1 30
1887 22 6 27 2 36
1888 32 4 12½ 8 38
1889 43 7 16 7 32½
1890 43 3 9 4 22
1891 34 5 15 7 35
1892 26 8 31 3 42
1893 44 7 16 4 25
1894 22 5 23 0 23
1895 32 7 22 2 28
Total 676 Av. 28 Av 38






 
Page 140 and 141 are blank in original document.

[Begin page 142]

Meeting of the State Board of Agriculture.

Held at the College, Tuesday evening, April 14.

Present. President Wells. Messrs. Chamberlain,
Garfield, Monroe, Moore, Boyden, President Snyder,
and Secretary.

[Minutes read &
approved.]
Minutes of last meeting, at which a quorum
was not present, were read, and on motion were
approved and made a part of the record of the
Board.

[Request for
increase of salary]
President Snyder presented communications as
follows: A request of Mr. Westcott for increase of
salary, which was referred to committee on employees.
A request for increase of salary for Dr. Grange; referred
to the same committee.
[Degree of MS
conferred on Mr
LC Colburn]
Also a communication from the faculty
recommending the degree of Master of Science
for L.C. Colburn, of the class of '88. The recom-
mendation was adopted and the degree was conferred.

[Experiment Station
relative to tuber-
culos cattle]
A communication from the experiment Station
Council was received endorsing the recommendation
of Dr. Grange that the cattle that have been recently
subjected to the tuberculin test and found diseased,
should be kept for experimental work on the line of
investigation concerning tuberculosis, methods of
infection, and remedies, and was referred to the
Committee on Experiment Station and Farm.

[College Land]
The Commissioner of the State Land Office was
requested to change the terms of sale on the S.W. ¼
of the S.W. ¼ of Section 12. Township 22 north, range
12 West, so that on payment of ¼ down, the purchaser
may be allowed to remove down timber without full
payment previous to removing the same, on con-
dition that as fast as timber is sold the proceeds shall
be paid on the purchase price of the land.

A recess was taken to 8 o'clock. A.M. Wednesday, 15th.

[End page 142]

[Begin page 143]

Wednesday, April 15, 8 A.M.

[Relative to
change of
Vacation]
The report of the special committee appropriated by
the Board which was presented at last meeting, was
taken from the table. The question of change of long
vacation from winter to summer was considered. It
was resolved that the change be made, and that
the fall term for 1896 begin Monday, September 14. the
term to continue fourteen weeks; the winter term to
begin Monday, January 4, and continue twelve weeks;
the spring term to begin April 5 and continue twelve
weeks; commencement to occur on Friday, June 18,
1897, and that thereafter the school year begin on
Monday of the third week of September, the length
of terms and vacations to be as noted for the
year 1896-7.

[Study work
for Agricultural
Course]
The President presented a scheme of study and
work for the Agricultural course, which had been
prepared with the advice of a committee of the
faculty, as follows:















Agricultural Course.
Freshman Year.
Fall. Winter. Spring.
Algebra. 5 hours. Algebra 5 hours Geometry. 5 hours
Grammar. 5 " Physics 5 " Physics 5 "
English 2 " Botany of Elem. Chem. 5 "
Drawing 2.5 " flowers, fruits. 5 " English 2 "
and grains.
English 2 "

P.M. P.M. P.M.
Live Stock Soils 4 weeks. hrs. Soil Physics. hrs.
1st (a) History of breeds, hrs 2.5 Tillage 2.5 per
half and their charac- 2.5 Shopwork 3 wks. per Drainage day.
term teristics. per day. day. Farm Crops
(b) Judging Stock.
2d Laboratory work with hrs.
half seeds, seedlings. 2.5
term roots, stems and per day.
leaves.
Drill 3 hrs per wk. Drill 3 hrs per wk. Drill 3 hrs. per wk.
Desire some time each week for gymnastics, especially in inclement weather.

[End page 143]

[Begin page 144]

Sophomore Year.
Fall. Winter. Spring.
Geometry 5 hrs. Organic Chemistry 5 hrs. Trig. & Surveying 5 hrs.
Analytic Chem. 2.5 " Anatomy 2 lectures Physiology 3 lectures.
two hours in laboratory four hrs. in laboratory.
Entomology 3 lectures per week.
four hrs. in labora-
tory per week. Veterinary 5 lectures Trees and shrubs 3 hrs.
per week.
English 2 hrs. Vegetable gardening
Plant histology and one half term 5 hrs
physiology, 2 lessons.
Six hrs. in laboratory Landscape gardening. 5 hrs.
per week.
English. 1 hr. per wk. English. 2 hrs.
P.M. P.M. P.M.
Work of previous term Stock Feeding ½ term. Labor in horticulture
in agriculture continued; 4 hrs. per week.
one-half term, Dairy " " 2.5 hrs. per day
2.5 hrs. daily. 2.5 hrs. per day.
Physics lab. ½ term
3 hrs. per wk. Drill. 3 hours.





Junior Year.
Fall. Winter. Spring.
Agl. Chemistry, 5 hrs. Green house, floriculture Agriculture, elect
& spraying. elect this Horticulture either.
Pomology 5 " or the following. 5 hrs. 5 hrs. per week.
Civics 5 hrs.
Rhetoric 5 " Stock feeding 5 "
Forestry ½ term. 5 hrs.
Parasitic fungi, 1 lesson Eng. History 5 " Systematic Botany
laboratory 3 hrs. Literature 5 " ½ term, 5 hours.
Shakespeare 1 " Shakespeare, 1 hr. per wk.
P.M. P.M. P.M.
Work in horticulture. Those in hort. per day. Those in hort. per day.
Those in agriculture Those in agriculture
Live Stock 2.5 hrs. Live Stock 2.5 hrs.
Dairy per day. Dairy per day.
Sheep Sheep
Drill ½ term Drill 3 hrs. per wk. Drill ½ term.
3 hrs. per wk. 3 hrs. per week.

[End page 144]

[Begin page 145]

Senior Year.
Fall. Winter. Spring.
Agriculture, elective 5 hrs. Agriculture. elec. 5 hrs Agriculture Elec. 5 hrs.
elect one Elect one. Elect one
Horticulture " 5 " Horticulture " 5 " Horticulture " 5 "
Veterinary " 5 " Veterinary " 5 " Veterinary " 5 "
Meteorology " 5 " Economic Toöl " 5 "
Geology " 5 " Eng. Masterpieces 5 " Polit. Economy 5 "
Bacteria " 3 " Psychology 5 " Logic 5 "
hour hours in laboratory.
Engineering meth. 5 " Domestic Engineer 5 "
Constitutional German or French German or French
History Elec. 5 hrs. elective as a fourth as in previous term.
German or French study by students of
elective as a fourth good standing. 5 hrs.
study by students of
good standing. 5 hrs.
P.M. P.M. P.M.
For those electing For those electing For those electing
agriculture agriculture agriculture,
a. Live Stock 2.5 a. Live Stock 2.5 hrs. a. Bacteria in dairy. 2.5 hrs.
b. Dairy hrs. b. Bacteria, in dairy per b. Field Work. per
c. Field work. per c. Field work. day c. Veterinary day.
d. Veterinary day d. Veterinary

For those electing For those electing For those electing
horticulture. horticulture. horticulture.
2.5 hrs. 2.5 hrs.
per day. per day.

Which, after consideration, was adopted. The President
and faculty are authorized to make such minor
changes in the schedule as may be found necessary
to properly conduct the required study and work.

[Relative to a
Ladies course]
It was resolved that a committee, to consist of President
Snyder, Mr. Monroe, and a special committee appointed by
the Board, be requested to consider the question of a
ladies' course and arrangements therefor in con-
nection with the funds at hand, and report to
the Board at the next meeting.

[End