In the mid-1960s, campus life was changing across the America. No longer were students satisfied with the politics of their country. Most colleges operated on the principle of in loco parentis, which meant that the school acted in place of the parents and as such, were an authority that was not to be questioned. However, many students around the country were participating in the Free Speech Movement. Feeling emboldened, some students and faculty at MSU began to strongly question the status quo. Paul Schiff was one of those students. He helped form the Committee for Student Rights whose purpose was to challenge things like housing discrimination in East Lansing, inadequate facilities on campus, the proper role of faculty and administration. Schiff, a graduate student, wrote about these issues to raise student awareness. He also distributed what he wrote in a publication entitled Logos. Generally thought of as a troublemaker by MSU's administration, MSU President John Hannah engaged in a battle of wills against Paul Schiff. Through a series of misunderstandings and technicalities, the University succeeded in revoking Schiff's student status and denied him readmission. Schiff, with the support of the American Civil Liberties Union, filed suit against the University, and ultimately MSU had to re-admit Schiff. Along the way, a spotlight was on the issue of student rights and free speech, or the lack there of. In order to solve of the existing problems at the time and to avoid similar conflict in the future, a method of representation for students within the University structure was created.
A newly formed Faculty Committee on Student Affairs created The Academic Freedom for Student at Michigan State University Report, which was approved by MSU's Academic Council, Academic Senate, and the Board of Trustees in early 1967. This document, now called Student Rights and Responsibilities, provides a framework for regulations governing student conduct and for providing due process in the adjudication of student disciplinary cases. This document also provides procedures for student complaints and grievances. Key to ensuring the procedures work, the Office of the Ombudsman (Ombudsperson) was created to provide impartial representation for a student in a dispute between the administration, faculty, or other students. The Ombudsman was patterned after a Scandinavian concept that literally means "one who represents someone" or more commonly, "citizen protector." MSU was one of the first Universities in the United States to create this office.
In 1967, Dr. James D. Rust stepped down from his duties as a professor of English at MSU to become the first Ombudsperson. When asked to give his perspective on the position, Rust reiterated that he was not an "Establishment Man" nor was he there to enforce rules. Rust thought of the Ombudsperson as the conscience of the university. He wished to be a friend of the students; to treat them compassionately and fairly when helping to resolve conflicts in their educational pursuits. Rust remained the Ombudsperson until 1974.
Within two years of the establishment of the office, the number of cases brought to Rust had almost doubled. In 1970, Theodore Brooks, a professor of social work and part of the Graduate Office, was appointed as a half-time Associate Ombudsperson. One of his goals when joining the office was to make sure that its services were reaching "alienated minorities" and fringe groups which could be better served. Additionally, a second member was added to the office in 1970. Don Ensley, was specifically added to the staff to assist minority students; hoping to be a counselor for those students not comfortable with talking to Rust.
![]() "College Ombudsman - Valuable New Official," 1968 December 8, 1968 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() | ![]() "MSU's first ombudsman Rust finds cases vary," 1967 October 10, 1967 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections |
![]() "O-M-B-U-D-S-M-A-N!: The New College Hero," by Jack Harrison Pollack, 1968 March 17, 1968 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() | ![]() "Ombudsman office: Now it's ombudsmen" September 29, 1970 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections |
![]() "Ombudsman takes student, faculty complaints while remaining secret," 2002 November 2, 2002 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() "Reflections: Seventeen Years as MSU Ombudsman" by Carolyn Stieber 1991 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() "Resolving Campus Disputes: Notes of a University Ombudsman" by Carolyn Stieber, 1982 June 1982 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections |
![]() "Stan Soffin named new ombudsman," July 1998 July 30, 1998 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() | ![]() "UCOA's History -- Abbreviated" by Carolyn Stieber, undated Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections |
![]() ACLU, Greater Lansing branch letter, 1965 July 6, 1965 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() Brief of American Association of University Professors, MSU, 1965 1965 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() Carolyn Stieber appointed University Ombudsman, 1974 October 18, 1974 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections |
![]() Carolyn Stieber memorial service program, 2015 November 8, 2015 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() Democratic Committee of Ingham County press release, September 25, 1965 September 25, 1965 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() | ![]() Faculty Committee on Student Affairs decision, 1965 1965 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections |
![]() Group photo of former ombuds with 2017-2018 staff Date: 2010-2019 Image: jpg MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() Ingham County Democratic Committee letter, 1965 September 20, 1965 Text: jpg MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() |
![]() James Rust appointed ombudsman, 1967 September 14, 1967 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() | ![]() |
![]() MSU Academic Senate meeting minutes, December 1, 1965 December 1, 1965 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() | ![]() |
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![]() Theodore Brooks appointed associate ombudsman, 1970 September 18, 1970 Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections | ![]() | ![]() University and College Ombuds Association brochure, undated Text: pdf MSU Archives and Historical Collections |